What does the term "gear ratio" refer to?

The term "gear ratio" specifically refers to the relationship between the number of teeth on the input gear and the number of teeth on the output gear. This ratio is crucial in determining how much torque is multiplied by the gears and how speed is affected within a transmission system. A higher gear ratio implies that for every complete turn of the input gear, the output gear turns fewer times, which typically results in increased torque and reduced speed. Conversely, a lower gear ratio means the output gear turns more times for each turn of the input gear, resulting in higher speed but lower torque.

Understanding gear ratios is essential for mechanics, particularly when diagnosing issues related to transmission performance or when making modifications for performance enhancements. They play a vital role in optimizing the vehicle's power delivery and efficiency under different driving conditions.